compositions



I 106. COMPOSITIONS, r COATING OR PLASTIC. Exam'lwf E (Specimens.)

G. POPP & L. MBLOHIOR.

BUILDING BLOOK.

NO. 344,594. Patented June 29, 1886.

51/01 14 ZJ Q j.

e I-(L Ofv 80 WITNESSES I INVENTOR ATTORNEYS.

N. PEYERS Mvmhngnalnr. Wmhmglon D c Application filed March 12, met.

.To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, CHRISTIAN Porrand LUDWIG MELoHIoR, citizens of the United States, residing at Wilmington, in the county of New Castle and Stateof Delaware,have invented an Improvement in Building-Blocks, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention is an improvement in build ing-blocks intended especially for insi e wor an nvention consists in abuilding-block consisting of-the several ingredients hereinafter named and prepared, substantially as will be described.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of one of the blocks in the form of a brick, and Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the block formed for use as a section of a flue.

In forming the bricks we use the following ingredients in substantially the proportions stated:

half bus 1c r s a 'e( line, welve pounds; boiled glam, maul two uarts- )lastcr-o iaris 7 q \YOq dl In use the cinders and ashes are, when they need it, ground or crushed, and then sifted, so the particles may be of aboutequal size. The

me is drv in the usual manner and is use while hot. \Ve boil the glue with 0 enough watert-o reuderit plastic, and it should be noted that as little water is used as possible, in order to prevent thcmass when mixed from being too wet. The elements above-named, together with the sand, plaster-ofparis, and 5 cement are now mixed, sufiicient water being added to enable the composition to be molded into the desired shape or shapes.

The quantities above specified, it is estimated,will make twenty-five bricks of dimen- 0 sions eight and one-halfinches by fourand one fourth inches by two and one fourth inches. After the bricks have been molded into the desired shape or during such operation they are submitte 'nre, pro ably fifty pounds to the square inch, by which all surplus water is pressed out and the elements of the block are compressed into close relation. They are then dried, preferably in the open air.

Our blocks are intended especially forinside work--such as partitions, fines, &c., and they may also be used for backings for pressed brick quantity of the cement; but we prefer to use sue e emen ecaus''it causes the composltion to set quickly.

It may be stated that in applying the 5 white coat to bricks constructed according to our invention it will, because of the roughness of the surface, adhere strongly to the bricks, and buta thin coat will be necessary; also, that the bricks will absorb but littleif apy 1o nrg, so that t e coat in dry fihm the outside and very quickly.

Under the term sand we desire toinclude crushed brick, which latter may be used as a substitute for the beach-sand;

By using crushed brick all old bricks, brlckbats, &c may be disposed of and utilized.

one quart; lzoriland cement PECIPICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 344.594, dated June 29, 1886.

Serial No. 195.052. *iSpecimens.)

walls and for other purposes, as will be described. When used for outside work, the brick should be coated or faced with cement or other mutable covering to hide the roughness of their surfaces. While the blocks may be used for backing of pressedbrick fronts,and be formed,as shown in Fig. 2, for use as fines, they are especially desirable for inside partitions in place of stndding or common brick walls. They are especially desirable for such purpose for the following reasons: They will dry quickl and will when dried,form r (mr and firza tight partitiofir .1 l. I. 0| nay elaiddirectly without the use of a first coat, and will dry in a very short time. Into such a partition a nail may be readily driven,and the partition will not crack or break out as when nails are driven into plastering.

Another and important advantage of our bricks over the common bricks is that they are much lighter, so that a wall built thereof will be from one-half'to one-third lighter than an ordinary wall.

A partition formed as described cannot be penetrated by mice or vermin because of its mechanical composition, and for the further reason that the admixture of glue and lime results in an offensive lye, which render the bricks so offensive to such pests that they will not attack them.

When united by a small quantity of common mortar, two of our blocks are almost inseparable, for the reason that the moisture in the in ortar,acting on the glue in the two blocks, combines with such substance to increase the adhering property of the mortar.

\Vhen intended for use as a backing for pressed-brick fronts,or in other relations where they are intended to sustain weight or resist great strain, it is preferred to use for the cinders the hard stonv cinders including what are enerally known as cliukers while for use is inside partitions a n't'l for slmilar purposes, soft cinders, the crnmblings of coke,

fine ashes and the cinders of loconiotivesare W preferred.

\Vhen it is desired to provide ablock of increased strength, we increase the proportions of all the ingredients, excepting the cinders.

Now, it will be understood that we might omit the plaster-of-paris by increasing the Having thus fully described our invention, what we claim as new, and wish to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A building-block comprising, in cornbr nation, cinders, lime, and glue, substantially as set forth.

2. The improved building-block herein described, consisting of cinders, lime, glue, sand, plaster-of-paris, and cement, in about the proportions stated.

CHRISTIAN POPP. LUDWIG MELCHIOR.

Witnesses;

J AMES R. LANDON. ISAAC DILLIN. 

